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Pandemiology Watch (December 10-16, 2025)

Our latest report covers data from December 10-16, 2025. This update provides an overview of communicable diseases, highlighting key trends, emerging outbreaks, and notable developments. We have included direct links to the sources referenced, allowing for deeper insight.
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    MPOX

    Spain.

    Spanish health authorities have documented the first known case of human-to-human transmission of mpox clade Ib outside Africa in a person with no travel history. The patient, a 49-year-old man in Madrid, tested positive in October 2025, who had a genital ulcer and swollen lymph nodes. He reported sexual contact with local partners, none of whom had traveled to endemic regions. This case, reported in the International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2025, highlights the potential for clade Ib mpox to spread locally in non-endemic areas, underscoring the importance of continued surveillance, clade-specific testing, and preventive measures to control further transmission.

    Africa.

    No new WHO data have been reported in the past week for Sierra Leone, Uganda, or Guinea. The most recent figures remain unchanged from late October and November 2025.

     

    MEASLES

    U.S.

    On December 15, CIDRAP reported that measles cases in South Carolina increased by 15, bringing the state total to 129. The outbreak has resulted in 303 people in quarantine and 13 in isolation, with exposures identified at 11 schools. Most cases have occurred among unvaccinated individuals. 

    ​​According to CIDRAP on December 10, measles cases in the United States have surpassed 1,900 in 2025 as outbreaks continue to expand. In Arizona, officials reported 21 new cases, raising the state total to 176, with all but four cases linked to Mohave County, near the Utah border. Utah now has 254 cases, making it the second-largest US outbreak this year, after West Texas.Most infections nationally are occurring among unvaccinated individuals.

    Canada.

    As of December 15, 2025, Canada has reported 5,329 measles cases where 71% occurred in children, according to the Public Health Agency of Canada. Ontario accounts for 45% of the cases, followed by Alberta with 37%. 89% were unvaccinated, and 7% required hospitalization. Genotype D8 remains the most frequently detected strain. 2 deaths have been reported. 

     

    H5N1

    U.S.

    On December 15, 2025, the U.S. Department of Agriculture confirmed highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in a dairy herd in Dodge County, Wisconsin. The farm is under quarantine, and affected cattle are being monitored. Officials say there is no risk to the commercial milk supply, and livestock owners are urged to maintain strong biosecurity.

    As of December 16, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports has not reported any cases of person-to-person transmission of H5N1 in the United States. The total remains at 71 confirmed human cases and two deaths.

     

    Marburg

    On December 15, the CDC reported 14 confirmed Marburg virus cases in Ethiopia, including 9 deaths. Additional suspected cases are under investigation, with no cases reported outside the country so far.

     

    Rift Valley Fever 

    Senegal.

    On December 10, Africa CDC reported a total of 530 confirmed Rift Valley Fever cases in Senegal, including 30 new cases since the update on December 3. In addition, 16,818 suspected cases have been reported in total.

     

    POLIO

    As of December 10, 2025, the Global Polio Eradication Initiative reported new poliovirus detections in several countries. These include two cVDPV2 cases in Angola, one cVDPV2 case in Nigeria, and two cVDPV2-positive environmental samples in Somalia. Additionally one  cVDPV2 case was reported in Yemen.