Article: The 1919–21 influenza pandemic in Greenland
In a recent study, researchers have delved into the historical archives of Greenland to uncover the impact of the 1918–21 influenza pandemic on the region. Their findings, published in the International Journal of Circumpolar Health, shed light on the dynamics of the pandemic in Greenland and its comparison to other arctic regions.
Contrary to the mortality rates observed in Alaska during the same period, where up to 90% of the population succumbed to the virus, Greenland's experience was notably different. The research team transcribed death records spanning from 1880 to 1921, examining age, geography, and causes of death. They estimated monthly excess mortality and studied the spatial-temporal patterns of the pandemics and compared them to other mortality crises in the 40-year period.
Their analysis revealed that the influenza pandemic reached Greenland in the summer of 1919, a year later than other areas, owing to interruptions in ship traffic during the winter months. Despite this delay, the virus claimed the lives of approximately 5.2% of Greenland's population. However, there was significant variability in mortality rates between different counties, ranging from 0.1% to 11%.
One discovery was the absence of the typical age-pattern of high young-adult mortality seen in other regions. The researchers speculate that this deviation may be attributed to the already high baseline mortality rates among young adults in Greenland or the region's remoteness. However, it is emphasized that while the pandemic had a significant mortality toll, it did not stand out when compared to other mortality crises or the devastation witnessed in Alaskan populations during the same period.
The study provides valuable insights into the historical epidemiology of Greenland and highlights the importance of considering regional factors in understanding disease dynamics. As the world continues to grapple with pandemics and emerging infectious diseases, lessons from the past offer valuable perspectives for informing public health strategies and interventions.